بررسی اثر تیمارهای تغذیهای بر برخی خصوصیات مورفولوژیکی، فیزیولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی گیاه دارویی Dracocephalum kotschyi Boiss.
محورهای موضوعی :
گیاهان دارویی
سودابه مفاخری
1
,
رحمان حلاج
2
,
رقیه امینیان
3
1 - استادیار، دانشگاه بینالمللی امام خمینی (ره)، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی. گروه مهندسی علوم باغبانی.
2 - استادیار، گروه شیمی، دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران.
3 - استادیار، گروه ژنتیک و بهنژادی گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه بینالمللی امامخمینی (ره)، قزوین، ایران.
تاریخ دریافت : 1396/08/13
تاریخ پذیرش : 1396/11/17
تاریخ انتشار : 1396/12/01
کلید واژه:
اسانس,
ورمیکمپوست,
لیمونن,
بیوفسفات,
تیمار تغذیهای,
زرین گیاه,
چکیده مقاله :
به منظور بررسی تاثیر کودهای زیستی و تلفیقی بر برخی فاکتورهای کمی و کیفی گیاه دارویی زرینگیاه (Dracocephalum kotschyi Boiss.)، آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل سه عاملی با استفاده از عاملهای ورمیکمپوست (صفر، 10 و 20 درصدحجم گلدان)، بیوفسفات (کاربرد و عدم کاربرد) و کود شیمیایی ماکرو (صفر، 50 و 100درصد مقدار توصیه شده بهترتیب به میزان 0، 48/0 و 96/0 گرم در گلدان) در قالب طرح پایه کاملاً تصادفی با هجده تیمار و چهار تکرار در گلخانه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه بینالمللی امام خمینی (ره) به اجرا درآمد. اسانس نمونههای گیاهی به روش تقطیر با آب (طرح کلونجر) استخراج و با استفاده از دستگاه گاز کروماتوگرافی (GC) و گاز کروماتوگرافی متصل به طیف سنج جرمـی (GC/MS)، آنالیز گردید. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین ارتفاع، تعداد شاخه فرعی، تعدا گلآذین، وزن تر و وزن خشک بوته و درصد اسانس، از گیاهان تیمار شده با 20 درصد ورمیکمپوست حاصل گردید. بیشترین مقدار فتوسنتز و تعرق در گیاهان تحت تیمار 50 درصد مقدار توصیه شده کود شیمیایی +20 درصد ورمیکمپوست بهدست آمد. بیشترین مقدار نیتروژن، از کاربرد توام 100 درصد مقدار توصیه شده کود شیمیایی و بیوفسفات، بالاترین درصد فسفر از تیمارهای 100 درصد مقدار توصیه شده کود شیمیایی و 20 درصد ورمی کمپوست و بیشترین مقدار پتاسیم از گیاهان تیمار شده با 20 درصد ورمیکمپوست، استخراج گردید. 26 ترکیب در اسانس زرینگیاه شناسایی شد که بالاترین درصد ترکیبات را وربنون و لیمونن تشکیل دادند. بیشترین مقدار این دو ترکیب از گیاهان تیمار شده با 20 درصد ورمیکمپوست، استخراج شد. از این رو به نظر میرسد، ورمیکمپوست میتواند بهعنوان جایگزین مناسبی برای کود شیمیایی، در تولید زرین گیاه استفاده شود.
چکیده انگلیسی:
In order to study the effects of applying chemical and biofertilizers on some quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Dracocephalum kotschyi Bioss., a factorial CRD experiment including 18 treatments with 4 replications, was conducted at Imam Khomeini International University research greenhouse. The treatments were: vermicompost (0, 10 and 20 V/V), phosphate biofertilizer (application and no-application) and chemical fertilizer (0, 50 and 100% of the recommended amount equal to 0, 0.48 and 0.96 gr/pot respectively).The essential oil was extracted by hydro distilation method by using a clevenger apparatus and were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Results were showed that the maximum plant height, number of branches per plant, number of inflorescences per plant, fresh and dry weight and the highest percentage of essential oil were obtained as a result of using 20% vermicompost. Plants treated by 50% of recommended NPK+20% vermicompost showed the highest rate of photosynthesis and transpiration. The maximum nitrogen concentration in leaf tissue was obtained from applying 100% of the recommended amount of NPK+biophosphate. Applying 100% recommended NPK+20% vermicompost, resulted in higher phosphorus concentration in leaves. The highest concentration of potassium in leaves was obtained from plants treated with 20% vermicompost. 26 different compounds were identified in the essential oil among them limonene and verbenone were the main components. The highest amounts of these two compounds were obtained under 20% vermicompost treatment. According to the results vermicompost is an efficient substitute for chemical fertilizers in production of D.kotschyi.
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