بررسی اکوفیتوشیمیایی اسانس سه گونه از گیاه دارویی Artemisia L. متاثر از اقلیم و مراحل فنولوژیکی مختلف در استان خوزستان

محورهای موضوعی : گیاهان دارویی

محمدرضا نظرپور ¹ , مهراب یادگاری ²

1 - دانشجوی دکتری، گروه زراعت و گیاهان دارویی، واحد شهرکرد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شهرکرد، ایران
2 - دانشیار، گروه زراعت و گیاهان دارویی، واحد شهرکرد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شهرکرد، ایران

تاریخ دریافت : 1399/08/06 تاریخ پذیرش : 1400/02/29 تاریخ انتشار : 1400/06/01

کلید واژه: اقلیم, اسانس, خوزستان, آلفا-پینن, اکوفیتوشیمی, آرتمیزیا-کتون,

چکیده مقاله :

هدف از انجام این تحقیق بررسی اثرات شرایط اقلیمی دو منطقه مختلف از استان خوزستان (مسجدسلیمان و ایذه) و مراحل فنولوژیکی (رشد رویشی، گلدهی و بذردهی) بر خصوصیات کمی و کیفی اسانس سرشاخه هوایی سه گونه از جنسArtemisia (دشتی sieberi، کوهی aucheri و معمولی vulgaris) از خانواده کاسنی بود. این تحقیق در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی به‌صورت فاکتوریل در 3 تکرار انجام شد. پس از جمع‌آوری سرشاخه هوایی گیاهان در مراحل مختلف، اسانس‌گیری به روش تقطیر با بخار آب توسط دستگاه کلونجر صورت گرفت و پس از آماده‌سازی، جهت شناسایی ترکیبات به دستگاه GC و GC/MS تزریق گردید. بیشترین ترکیبات مؤثره اسانس شامل آلفا-پینن، کامفن، سابینن، لیمونن، آرتمیزیا-کتون، بورنئول، کاریوفیلن، ژرماکرن-دی و بتا-اودسمول بود. نتایج نشاندهنده اثرگذاری معنی‌دار مناطق و مراحل فنولوژیکی بر کمیت و کیفیت اسانس بود. بیشترین میزان اسانس (57/2 درصد) در گونه A.aucheri L. تحت اقلیم مسجد سلیمان و در مرحله گلدهی و کمترین میزان اسانس (61/1 درصد) در گونه A.vulgaris L. تحت اقلیم ایذه و در مرحله بذردهی حاصل گردید. بیشترین میزان ترکیبات معطر مانند آلفا-پینن، سابینن و بورنئول (گروه مونوترپن‌های هیدروکربنه) و کاریوفیلن (سزکوئی ترپن هیدروکربنه) در اسانس گونه های درمنه در مرحله انتهای رشد رویشی به‌دست آمد. با تغییر منطقه از سردسیر (ایذه) روبه گرمسیر (مسجدسلیمان)، میزان ترکیبات معطر موجود در اسانس مانند آلفا-پینن و لیمونن از گروه مونوترپن‌های هیدروکربنه کاهش، ولی ترکیبات سزکوئی‌ترپن مانند کاریوفیلن افزایش یافت. پیشنهاد می‌شود در جهت استحصال اسانس بیشتر در سه گونه مورد مطالعه درمنه، در مرحله گلدهی و در مناطق گرمسیر اقدام به بهره‌برداری نمود.

چکیده انگلیسی:

The most essential oil compounds in the A.sieberi L., A.aucheri L. and A.vulgaris L. were alpha-pinene, camphene, sabinene, limonene, artemisia-ketone, borneol, caryophyllene, germacrene-D and beta-eudesmol.  The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of climatic conditions of two different regions of Khuzestan province (Masjed Soleiman and Izeh) and phenological stages (vegetative, flowering and seeding stages) on ​​the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of essential oil of three species of Artemisia (sieberi, aucheri and vulgaris) belonging to the Asteraceae family. This research was conducted in a completely randomized design in 3 replications. After collecting the shoots of plants in different stages, the essential oil was extracted by steam distillation and GC and GC / MS was used to identify the compounds. The most effective essential oil compounds were alpha-pinene, camphene, sabinen, limonene, artemisia-ketone, borneol, caryophyllene, germacrene-di and beta-odemsol. In addition, the amounts of volatile components and monoterpene hydrocarbons such as alpha-pinene and limonene in essential oils decreased from Masjed-Solieyman (tropical) to Izeh (temperate), however the percentage of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons such as caryophyllene increased. Therfore to obtain the most essential oil in the three studied species of Artemisia, harvesting in tropical climate at the beginning of flowering stage is suggested.

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