تاثیر روش‌های خشک کردن بر کیفیت اسانس مرزه موتیکا (Satureja mutica)
محورهای موضوعی : گیاهان داروییفاطمه مهدی نوه سی 1 , بهلول عباس زاده 2 * , وحید عبدوسی 3 , مرجان دیانت 4
1 - دانشکده کشاورزی و صنایعدانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشکده کشاورزی و صنایع غذایی غذایی
2 - موسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور
3 - دانشیار، گروه علوم باغی و زراعی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
4 - دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشکده کشاورزی و صنایع غذایی
کلید واژه: ضدعفونی, اشرشیاکولی, استافیلوکوکوس اورئوس, کپک و مخمر,
چکیده مقاله :
این تحقیق به منظور بررسی تاثیر اشعه UV-B و گاما بر ضدعفونی گیاهان برداشت شده از مزرعه و نیز بررسی فعالیت ضد میکروبی اسانس Satureja mutica در قالب 3 آزمایش جداگانه اجرا شد. در آزمایش اول گیاهان برداشت شده تحت تیمار UV-B به مدت صفر، 5/2، 5، 10 ساعت قرار گرفتند. در آزمایش دوم نمونه‌ها تحت تابش اشعه گاما به میزان0، 5/2، 5، 5/7 و 10 کیلوگری قرار گرفتند. در آزمایش سوم اثر ضدمیکروبی اسانس بر Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Staphylococcus aureus بررسی شد. اثر اشعه UV-B بر باکتری‌های انتروباکتریاسه، استافیلوکوکوس اورئوس و کل کپک‌ها و مخمرها نشان داد که بیشترین بازدارندگی را UV-B 10 ساعت داشت. اثر ضد میکروبی اشعه گاما بر باکتری‌های انتروباکتریاسه، استافیلوکوکوس اورئوس، سالمونلا و کل کپک‌ها و مخمرها در سطح یک درصد معنی‌دار بود. استفاده از اشعه گاما 10کیلوگری فعالیت میکروبی باکتری‌های انتروباکتریاسه، استافیلوکوکوس اورئوس، سالمونلا و کل کپک‌ها و مخمرها به ترتیب 24/2، 83/1، 79/0 و 8/10 درصد کاهش داد. اثر غلظت اسانس بر درصد آلودگی میکروبی نشان داد که بیشترین فعالیت بازدارندگی هر سه میکروب مورد بررسی در تیمار اسانس خالص مشاهده شد به طوری که از فعالت اشرشیاکولی 3/41 %، سودوموناس فلورسنس 7/16 % و استافیلوکوکوس ائوروس 3/42 % کاسته شد. نتایج نشان داد که استفاده از اشعه UV-B برای ضدعفونی گیاهان موثری نبود. استفاده از اشعه گاما 5/7 کیلوگری و بیشتر در کنترل عوامل میکروبی بسیار موفق بود، همچنین استفاده از اسانس Satureja mutica در کنترل عوامل میکروبی نتایج امیدبخشی داشت.
This research was conducted in order to investigate the effect of UV-B and gamma rays on the disinfection of plants harvested from the field and also to investigate the antimicrobial activity of Satureja mutica essential oil in the form of 3 separate experiments. In the first experiment, harvested plants were subjected to UV-B treatment for zero, 2.5, 5, and 10 hours. In the second experiment, the samples were exposed to gamma rays at 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 kGy. In the third test, the antimicrobial effect of essential oil on Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Staphylococcus aureus was investigated. The effect of UV-B rays on Enterobacteriaceae, Staphylococcus aureus and all molds and yeasts showed that UV-B had the highest inhibition of 10 hours. The antimicrobial effect of gamma rays on Enterobacteriaceae, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella sp. and all molds and yeasts was significant at the 1% level. The use of 10 kg gamma rays reduced the microbial activity of Enterobacteriaceae, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella sp. and all molds and yeasts by 2.24, 1.83, 0.79 and 10.8%, respectively. The effect of essential oil concentration on the percentage of microbial contamination showed that the highest inhibitory activity of all three investigated microbes was observed in pure essential oil treatment, so that the activity of Escherichia coli was reduced by 41.3%, Pseudomonas fluorescens by 16.7% and Staphylococcus aureus by 42.3%. The results showed that the use of UV-B rays was not effective for disinfecting plants. The use of gamma rays of 7.5 kg and more was very successful in controlling microbial agents, and the use of Satureja mutica essential oil in controlling microbial agents had promising results.
مظفریان، و. 1402. فرهنگ نام های گیاهان ایران. انتشارات فرهنگ معاصر. 756 صفحه.
Arrebola, M. L., M. C. Navarro, J. Jimenez, and F. A. Ocana. 1993. Variations in yield and composition of the essential oil of Satureja obovat. Phytochemistry. 35: 83-93.
Azaz, D., Demirci, F., Satil, F., Kurkcuoglu, M. & Baser, K. H. 2002. Antimicrobial activity of some Satureja essential oils. Z Naturforsch C. 57: 817-21.
Baher, Z. F., Mirza, M., Ghorbanali, M. & Bagher Rezaii, M. 2002. The influence of water stress on plant height, herbal and essential oil yield and composition in Satureja hortensis L. Flavour and Fragrance Journal. 17: 275-277.
Behravan, J., Ramezani, M., Kasalan, J. & Sabeti, Z. 2004. Antimycotic activity of the essential oil of Satureja mutica Fisch & C.A. Mey from Iran. Flavour and Fragrance Journal. 19: 421-423.
Boyraz, N. & Özcan, M. 2005. Antifungal effect of some spice hydrosols. Fitoterapia. 76: 661-665.
Cristani, M., D'arrigo, M., Mandalari, G., Castelli, F., Sarpietro, M. G., Micieli, D., Venuti, V., Bisignano, G., Saija, A. & Trombetta, D. 2007. Interaction of four monoterpenes contained in essential oils with model membranes: implications for their antibacterial activity. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry. 55: 6300-8.
Dardioti, A., Hanlidou, E., Lanaras, T. & Kokkini, S. 2010. The essential oils of the Greek endemic Satureja horvatii ssp. macrophylla in relation to bioclimate. Chemistry and Biodiversity. 7: 1968-77.
Dartnell, L. R. 2011. Ionizing radiation and life. Astrobiology. 11: 551-582.
Flor, R. V., Campos, M. A. A., Solano, A. G. R., Joki, L. & Dantas-Barros, A. M. 2011. Drying of Echinodorus macrophyllus and autoclaving and lyophilization of the fluid-extract: effects on the pharmacochemical composition. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia. 21: 518-524.
Gulluce, M., Sokmen, M., Daferera, D., Agar, G., Ozkan, H., Kartal, N., Polissiou, M., Sokmen, A. & Sahin, F. 2003. In vitro antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant activities of the essential oil and methanol extracts of herbal parts and callus cultures of Satureja hortensis L. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry. 51: 3958-65.
Gupta, P. C., Garg, N. and Joshi, P. 2011. Effect of gamma irradiation on the extraction yield and microbial contamination of medicinal plants. Internet Journal of Food Safety. 13: 351-354.
Ibrahim, A. M. M., Martinez-Swatson, K. A., Benkaci-Ali, F., Cozzi, F., Zoulikha, F. and Simonsen, H. T. 2018. Effects of gamma irradiation and comparison of different extraction methods on sesquiterpene lactone yields from the medicinal plant Thapsia garganica L.(Apiaceae). Journal of applied research on medicinal and aromatic plants. 8: 26-32.
Kotan, R., Cakir, A., Dadasoglu, F., Aydin, T., Cakmakci, R., Ozer, H., Kordali, S., Mete, E. and Dikbas, N. 2010. Antibacterial activities of essential oils and extracts of Turkish Achillea, Satureja and Thymus species against plant pathogenic bacteria. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture. 90: 145-60.
Kubatova, A., Lagadec, A. J. M., Miller, D. J. and Hawthorne, S. B. 2001. Selective extraction of oxygenates from savory and peppermint using subcritical water. Flavour and Fragrance Journal. 16: 64-73.
Lopez-Reyes, J. G., Spadaro, D., Prelle, A., Garibaldi, A. and Gullino, M. L. 2013. Efficacy of plant essential oils on postharvest control of rots caused by fungi on different stone fruits in vivo. Journal of Food Protection. 76: 631-9.
Mastelic, J. and Jerkovic, I. 2003. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of free and glycoconjugated aroma compounds of seasonally collected Satureja montana L. Food Chemistry. 80: 135-140.
Mirjana, S., Nada, B. and Valerija, D. 2004. Variability of Satureja cuneifolia Ten. essential oils and their antimicrobial activity depending on the stage of development. European Food Research and Technology. 218: 367-371.
Novak, J., Bahoo, L., Mitteregger, U. and Franz, C. 2006. Composition of individual essential oil glands of savory (Satureja hortensis L., Lamiaceae) from Syria. Flavour and Fragrance Journal. 21: 731-734.
Razskazovskiy, Y., Debije, M. G., Howerton, S. B., Williams, L. D. and Bernhard, W. A. 2003. Strand breaks in X-irradiated crystalline DNA: Alternating CG oligomers. Radiation research. 160: 334-339.
Sahin, F., Karaman, I., Gulluce, M., Ogutcu, H., Sengul, M., Adiguzel, A., Ozturk, S. and Kotan, R. 2003. Evaluation of antimicrobial activities of Satureja hortensis L. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 87: 61-5.
Sefidkon, F., Abbasi, K. and Khaniki, G. B. 2006. Influence of drying and extraction methods on yield and chemical composition of the essential oil of Satureja hortensis. Food chemistry. 99: 19-23.
Sefidkon, F., Abbasi, K., Jamzad, Z. & Ahmadi, S. 2007. The effect of distillation methods and stage of plant growth on the essential oil content and composition of Satureja rechingeri Jamzad. Food Chemistry. 100: 1054-1058.
Skocibusic, M. and Bezic, N. 2004. Phytochemical analysis and in vitro antimicrobial activity of two Satureja species essential oils. Phytotherapy Research. 18: 967-970.
Sommers, C. 2012. Microbial decontamination of food by irradiation. Microbial Decontamination in the Food Industry. pp: 322-343. Woodhead Publishing Series in Food Science, Technology and Nutrition.
Zygadlo, J. A. and Grow, N. R. 1995. Comparative study of the antifungal activity of essential oils from aromatic plants growing wild in the central region of Argentina. Flavour and Fragrance Journal. 10: 113-118.