تأثیر استفاده از نوکلئوتیدها بر عملکرد رشد و مقاومت در برابر استرس و بیماری‌های عفونی در آبزیان
محورهای موضوعی : علوم تکثیر و آبزی پروری
حبیب سرسنگی علی آباد
1
(مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور، مرکز تحقیقات ملی آبزیان آب‌های شور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی ، بافق، یزد، ایران)
کلید واژه: استرس, رشد, نوکلئوتید, آبزیان, بیماری‌های عفونی,
چکیده مقاله :
اخیراً استفاده از نوکلئوتید در جیره های غذایی به دلیل تقویت سیستم ایمنی، افزایش سطح جذب در روده و مؤثربودن در رشد آبزیان بسیار مورد توجه قرارگرفته است. به طور کلی نوکلئوتیدها تقریباً در تمام فرآیندهای سلولی دخالت داشته و نقش مهمی در وظایف ساختاری و تنظیمی بدن دارند. نوکلئوتیدها به صورت پیوسته در سلول سنتز، تجزیه و بازیافت می شوند .سلول های مهم دستگاه ایمنی مثل لنفوسیت ها، گلبول های قرمز، سلول های خونساز و سلول های موکوسی روده با توجه به متابولیسم سلولی و حجم بالای واکنش های سریع، همچنین نیاز بالای آنها به نوکلئوتید، ظرفیت بسیار محدودی برای سنتز نوکلئوتید دارند. در این سلول ها تهیه نوکلئوتید از منبع خارجی حتی برای انجام وظایف نرمال آنها بسیار مهم است. طی دو دهه اخیر استفاده از نوکلئوتید در جیره های غذایی با هدف تقویت سیستم ایمنی در برابر ویروس، باکتری و انگل، بهبود وظایف کبد، افزایش سطح جذب در روده و مؤثربودن در رشد، متابولیسم چربی و پروتئین، عملکردهای بیوشیمیایی و فیزیولوژیکی و بهبود پاسخ به استرس در آبزیان مختلف مورد آزمایش قرار گرفته است. به علاوه این ترکیبات در متابولیسم واسطه انرژی هستند و اثرات تنظیم کنندگی این ترکیبات در بلوغ لنفوسیت ها، فعال سازی وتکثیر آن ها و فاگوسیتوز ماکروفاژها در انسان و حیوان گزارش شده است. اطلاعات کمی در خصوص نحوه عملکرد این ترکیبات در بدن آبزیان وجود دارد و تحقیقات بیشتری در این رابطه مورد نیاز است.
Recently, the use of dietary nucleotides has mentioned in aquaculture, due to improvement in immune system, increasing growth parameters and absorption in the intestine. In general, nucleotides nearly, affect all cellular processes and play an important role in structural and regulatory functions of the body. Nucleotides continuously are synthesis, degradation and recycling in the cell. The immune system cell such as lymphocytes, red blood cells, hematopoietic cells and intestinal mucosa due to rapid metabolism and fast reaction, also need to high level of nucleotide, have a very limited capacity for nucleotide synthesis. In these cells, exogenous nucleotide administration, is very important for normal functions. Over the past two decades, use of nucleotides in diets has been examined for improving the immune system against viruses, bacteria and parasites, liver function, increased levels of absorption in the intestine and growth, fat and protein metabolism, biochemical and physiological functions and improve the stress response in marine animals. In addition, these compounds are important to energy transmission. Their effect on maturation, activation and phagocytosis of macrophages in humans and animals have been reported. There is a little information about their physiological functions in fish and more research is needed in this area.
Abdi, H., Mahmudi, N., Falahtkar, B., (2009). Effects of dietary nucleotide on some growth indices and proximate analysis of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Journal of Marine Science and Technology, pp 22-30.
2. Bahmani, B., Zariffard, A., Khodadadi, M., Mahmoudi, N. and Ojeefard, A., (2011). Effects of dietary nucleotides levels on whole body composition of orange spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides). ISFJ, 19(4), pp.11-20.
3. Burrel, C., William, P.D., Forno, P.F., (2001). Dietary nucleotides a novel supplement in fish feeds, Aquaculture, 199: 159-169.
4. Burrells, C., William, PD., Southage, P.J., Wadsworth, SL., (2001). Dietary nucleotides: a novel supplement in fish feeds 2. Effects on vaccination, salt water transfer, growth rate and physiology of Atlantic salmon, Aquaculture, 199: 171- 184.
5. Cheng, Z., Buentello, A., Delbert, M., (2011). Dietary nucleotides influence immune responses and intestinal morphology of red drum Sciaenops ocellatus , Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 30: 143-147.
6. Jeorg, H. G. and Lee, Y. W., (1998). Protective effect of diallyl sulfide on nitrosodimethylamine-induced immunosuppression in mice. Cancer Letters, 11: 73-79.
7. Khademi, A. R., Abbasi, F. Jamili, Sh., (2008). Effect of dietary ascogen on growth and survival of Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Journal of Research and Development, pp.132-135.
8. Keivan Shokooh, S., Tahmasebi Kohyani, A., (2012). Proteom modifications of fingerling rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) muscle as an effect of dietary nucleotides, Aquaculture, 325: 79-84.
9. Keivan Shokooh, S., Tahmasebi Kohyani, A.,Mahmoudi, N., (2012). Effects of dietary nucleotides supplementation on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) performance and acute stress response, Fish Physiology Biochemistry, 38: 431–440.
10. Li, P., Lewis, D.H., Gatlin, D.M., (2004). Dietary oligonucleotides from yeast RNA influence immune responses and resistance of hybrid striped bass (Morone chrysops _ Morone saxatilis) to Streptococcus iniae infection. Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 16: 561-569.
11. Low, C., Wadsworth, S., Burrells, C., Secombes, C.J., (2003). Expression of immune genes in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) fed a nucleotide- supplemented diet, Aquaculture, 221: 23-40.
12.Mahmudi, N., Abdi, H., Falahatkar, B., (2010). Effect of nucleotide administration on hematology and biochemical indices of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Journal of Marine Science and Technology, pp 4-12.
13. Matinfar, A., Dadgar, Sh., (2000). Food and Nutrition of Fish and Shrimp, Iranian Fisheries Research organization.
14. Nakagawa, H., Sato, M. and Delbert, M., (2007). Dietary supplements for the health and quality of culture fish. Cabi, 244p.
15. Oujifard, A., Abedian, A., NAFISI, B.M., Ghaednia, B. and Mahmoudi, N., (2008). Effect of dietary nucleotide on the growth performance, survival and some hemolymph parameters of pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei Boone, 1931).
16. Oulad, S., Khodabandeh, S.A.B.E.R. and Kenari, A.A., (2010). Effect of different levels of dietary nucleotides on osmoregulation of pyloric caeca in Caspian sea salmon(Salmo truttacaspius). Journal of Veterinary Research, 65(4), pp.273-280.
17. Peng, Li., Delbert, M., (2006). Nucleotide nutrition in fish: current knowledge and future application, Aquaculture, 251: 141-152.
18. Ramadan, A., Afifi, NA., Moustafa, M., Samy, AM., (1994). The effect of ascogen on the immune response of tilapia fish to Aeromonas hydrophila vaccine. Fish Shellfish & Immunology, 5: 159-165.
19. Reddy, P. T. K. and Leatherland. J. F., (1998). Stress physiology In: Leatherland. J.F; Woo, P. T. K. Fish diseases and disorders.Vol 2. Non-infections disorders CAB, International Publishing Co. Oxford, England. 360pp
20. Russo, R., Yanong, R.and Mitchell, H., (2007). Dietary beta-glucan Nucleotides enhance resistance of red-tail black shark (Epalzeorhynchos bicolor) to streptococcus iniae infection.J world Aquaculture soc, 37: 298-306.
21. Salimi, N., Keyvanshokooh, S., Salati, A. P., Zakeri, M., Mahmudi, N., Tahmasebi, A., (2012). Effect of dietary Nucleotide on body composition of Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Journal of Oceanography, pp.41- 46.
22. Sarsangi Aliabad, H., (2015). Evaluation of growth and reproductive performance of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus fed on dietary nucleotide in brackish water. Master's thesis, Faculty of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology.
23. Shankar, R., Shivanada, H., Sujata, H.R., Jayaraj, E.G., Tejpal, C.S., Chinthamani, V.S., (2012). Effect of nucleotide on growth, immune responses and resistance of Macrobranchium rosenbergii, nodavirus and extra small virus and Aeromonas hydrophila infection, Aquaculture, 20: 1-12.
24. Tahmasebi Kohyani, A., Keyvan Shokooh, S., Nematollahi, A., Mahmoudi, N., Pasa-zanoosi, H., (2011). Dietary administration of nucleotide to enhance growth, humoral immune response, and diseas resistance of the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)fingerlings, Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 30 : 189-193.
25. Yaghobi, M., Dorafshan, S., Akhlaghi, M., Paykan Heyrati, F. and Mahmudi, N., (2014). Immune responses and intestinal morphology of striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) fed dietary nucleotides, Journal of Applied Ichthyology, doi: 10.1111/jai.12489.
_||_Abdi, H., Mahmudi, N., Falahtkar, B., (2009). Effects of dietary nucleotide on some growth indices and proximate analysis of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Journal of Marine Science and Technology, pp 22-30.
2. Bahmani, B., Zariffard, A., Khodadadi, M., Mahmoudi, N. and Ojeefard, A., (2011). Effects of dietary nucleotides levels on whole body composition of orange spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides). ISFJ, 19(4), pp.11-20.
3. Burrel, C., William, P.D., Forno, P.F., (2001). Dietary nucleotides a novel supplement in fish feeds, Aquaculture, 199: 159-169.
4. Burrells, C., William, PD., Southage, P.J., Wadsworth, SL., (2001). Dietary nucleotides: a novel supplement in fish feeds 2. Effects on vaccination, salt water transfer, growth rate and physiology of Atlantic salmon, Aquaculture, 199: 171- 184.
5. Cheng, Z., Buentello, A., Delbert, M., (2011). Dietary nucleotides influence immune responses and intestinal morphology of red drum Sciaenops ocellatus , Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 30: 143-147.
6. Jeorg, H. G. and Lee, Y. W., (1998). Protective effect of diallyl sulfide on nitrosodimethylamine-induced immunosuppression in mice. Cancer Letters, 11: 73-79.
7. Khademi, A. R., Abbasi, F. Jamili, Sh., (2008). Effect of dietary ascogen on growth and survival of Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Journal of Research and Development, pp.132-135.
8. Keivan Shokooh, S., Tahmasebi Kohyani, A., (2012). Proteom modifications of fingerling rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) muscle as an effect of dietary nucleotides, Aquaculture, 325: 79-84.
9. Keivan Shokooh, S., Tahmasebi Kohyani, A.,Mahmoudi, N., (2012). Effects of dietary nucleotides supplementation on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) performance and acute stress response, Fish Physiology Biochemistry, 38: 431–440.
10. Li, P., Lewis, D.H., Gatlin, D.M., (2004). Dietary oligonucleotides from yeast RNA influence immune responses and resistance of hybrid striped bass (Morone chrysops _ Morone saxatilis) to Streptococcus iniae infection. Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 16: 561-569.
11. Low, C., Wadsworth, S., Burrells, C., Secombes, C.J., (2003). Expression of immune genes in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) fed a nucleotide- supplemented diet, Aquaculture, 221: 23-40.
12.Mahmudi, N., Abdi, H., Falahatkar, B., (2010). Effect of nucleotide administration on hematology and biochemical indices of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Journal of Marine Science and Technology, pp 4-12.
13. Matinfar, A., Dadgar, Sh., (2000). Food and Nutrition of Fish and Shrimp, Iranian Fisheries Research organization.
14. Nakagawa, H., Sato, M. and Delbert, M., (2007). Dietary supplements for the health and quality of culture fish. Cabi, 244p.
15. Oujifard, A., Abedian, A., NAFISI, B.M., Ghaednia, B. and Mahmoudi, N., (2008). Effect of dietary nucleotide on the growth performance, survival and some hemolymph parameters of pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei Boone, 1931).
16. Oulad, S., Khodabandeh, S.A.B.E.R. and Kenari, A.A., (2010). Effect of different levels of dietary nucleotides on osmoregulation of pyloric caeca in Caspian sea salmon(Salmo truttacaspius). Journal of Veterinary Research, 65(4), pp.273-280.
17. Peng, Li., Delbert, M., (2006). Nucleotide nutrition in fish: current knowledge and future application, Aquaculture, 251: 141-152.
18. Ramadan, A., Afifi, NA., Moustafa, M., Samy, AM., (1994). The effect of ascogen on the immune response of tilapia fish to Aeromonas hydrophila vaccine. Fish Shellfish & Immunology, 5: 159-165.
19. Reddy, P. T. K. and Leatherland. J. F., (1998). Stress physiology In: Leatherland. J.F; Woo, P. T. K. Fish diseases and disorders.Vol 2. Non-infections disorders CAB, International Publishing Co. Oxford, England. 360pp
20. Russo, R., Yanong, R.and Mitchell, H., (2007). Dietary beta-glucan Nucleotides enhance resistance of red-tail black shark (Epalzeorhynchos bicolor) to streptococcus iniae infection.J world Aquaculture soc, 37: 298-306.
21. Salimi, N., Keyvanshokooh, S., Salati, A. P., Zakeri, M., Mahmudi, N., Tahmasebi, A., (2012). Effect of dietary Nucleotide on body composition of Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Journal of Oceanography, pp.41- 46.
22. Sarsangi Aliabad, H., (2015). Evaluation of growth and reproductive performance of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus fed on dietary nucleotide in brackish water. Master's thesis, Faculty of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology.
23. Shankar, R., Shivanada, H., Sujata, H.R., Jayaraj, E.G., Tejpal, C.S., Chinthamani, V.S., (2012). Effect of nucleotide on growth, immune responses and resistance of Macrobranchium rosenbergii, nodavirus and extra small virus and Aeromonas hydrophila infection, Aquaculture, 20: 1-12.
24. Tahmasebi Kohyani, A., Keyvan Shokooh, S., Nematollahi, A., Mahmoudi, N., Pasa-zanoosi, H., (2011). Dietary administration of nucleotide to enhance growth, humoral immune response, and diseas resistance of the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)fingerlings, Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 30 : 189-193.
25. Yaghobi, M., Dorafshan, S., Akhlaghi, M., Paykan Heyrati, F. and Mahmudi, N., (2014). Immune responses and intestinal morphology of striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) fed dietary nucleotides, Journal of Applied Ichthyology, doi: 10.1111/jai.12489.