مقایسه اثر عصاره میکروجلبک Chlorella vulgaris با بنتونیت سدیم بر عملکرد، پاسخ ایمنی و فراسنجههای خونی جوجه‌های گوشتی آلوده به آفلاتوکسین
محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه زیست شناسی جانوری
سیدسامان سیف
1
,
امیر فتاح
2
,
محسن محمدی ساعی
3
1 - گروه علوم دامی، واحد شهر قدس، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
2 - گروه علوم دامی، واحد شهر قدس، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
3 - بخش تحقیقات علوم دامی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان لرستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، خرم آباد، ایران
کلید واژه: آفلاتوکسین, بنتونیت, جوجه¬گوشتی, عملکرد, کلرلا ولگاریس,
چکیده مقاله :
این مطالعه به منظور تاثیر عصاره میکروجلبک کلرلا ولگاریس (Chlorella vulgaris) با بنتونیت سدیم بر عملکرد، پاسخ‌های ایمنی و فراسنجههای خونی جوجه‌های گوشتی تغذیه شده با جیره آلوده به آفلاتوکسین انجام شد. آزمایش با استفاده از تعداد 384 قطعه جوجه در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی به 6 گروه آزمایشی در 4 تکرار و 16 قطعه در هر تکرار تقسیم شدند. جیرههای آزمایشی شامل: 1- تیمار شاهد منفي (جيرههاي بدون آفلاتوكسين)؛ 2- تيمار شاهد مثبت (جيرههاي آلوده به 5/0 میلیگرم در کیلوگرم آفلاتوكسين)؛ 3- جیره سالم + عصاره کلرلا ولگاریس (4/0 گرم در کیلوگرم خوراک)؛ 4- جیره آلوده + عصاره کلرلا (4/0 گرم در کیلوگرم خوراک)؛ 5- جیره سالم + بنتونیت سدیم (2 گرم در کیلوگرم خوراک) و 6- جیره آلوده + بنتونیت سدیم (2 گرم در کیلوگرم خوراک) بودند. در این مطالعه فراسنجههای عملکردی، خونی و فراسنجههای ایمنی تعیین شد. نتایج پژوهش نشان داد افزودن مکمل غذایی بنتونیت و کلرلا به جیره غذایی پایه در دوره پایانی تأثیری بر افزایش وزن و مصرف خوراک نداشت، ولی در دوره آغازین رشد و کل دوره سبب بهبود افزایش وزن و مصرف خوراک در مقایسه با گروه شاهد شد (05/0 > p). اختلاف آماری معنی‌داری بین تیمار شاهد و تیمار آفلاتوکسین در هیچکدام از دوره‌های آزمایشی در زمینه ضریب تبدیل غذایی وجود نداشته است (05/0<p ). جوجه‌های تغذیه شده با 4/0 گرم در کیلوگرم کلرلا در مقایسه با سایر تیمارهای آزمایشی بهترین عملکرد را در زمینه متابولیت‌های بیوشیمیایی خون داشته‌اند. افزودن مکمل کلرلا به جیره غذایی در مقایسه با جیره شاهد تأثیر مثبت و معنی‌داری بر تیتر آنتیبادی و وزن نسبی اندامهای لنفاوی نشان داد (05/0>p )، ولی بنتونیت اختلاف معنی‌داری را با شاهد در مورد طحال، تیموس و بورس نشان نداد.
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Chlorella vulgaris microalgae extract with sodium bentonite on the performance, immune responses and blood parameters of broiler chickens fed with aflatoxin-contaminated diet. The experiment was conducted using 384 chicken pieces in a completely random design and were divided into 6 experimental groups in 4 repetitions and 16 pieces in each repetition. Experimental rations include: 1- negative control treatment (rations without aflatoxin); 2- Positive control treatment (rations contaminated with 0.5 mg/kg of aflatoxin); 3- Healthy diet + Chlorella vulgaris extract (0.4 g/kg feed); 4- Contaminated diet + chlorella extract (0.4 g/kg of feed); 5- Healthy diet + sodium bentonite (2 grams per kilogram of feed); 6- Contaminated diet + sodium bentonite (2 grams per kilogram of feed). In this study, functional parameters, hematological and immune parameters were determined. The results of the research showed that the addition of bentonite and chlorella food supplements to the basic diet in the final period did not affect weight gain and feed consumption, but in the initial period of growth and the whole period improved weight gain and feed consumption compared to the control group (p < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the control treatment and the aflatoxin treatment in any of the experimental periods in the field of food conversion coefficient (p < 0.05). Chickens fed with 0.4 g/kg of chlorella had the best performance in terms of blood biochemical metabolites compared to other experimental treatments. Adding chlorella supplement to the food diet compared to the control diet showed a positive and significant effect on the antibody titer and the relative weight of the lymphatic organs (p < 0.05), but bentonite did not showe a significant difference with the control in the spleen, thymus, and bursa.
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