راندمان سلول‌های سرتولی در مسیر اسپرماتوژنز: یک مطالعه ی مروری
محورهای موضوعی :
فصلنامه زیست شناسی جانوری
محمدجاوید اکبریان
1
(گروه زیست شناسی، دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه مراغه، مراغه، ایران)
حسین عزیزی
2
(گروه زیست نانوفناوری، دانشکده زیست فناوری، دانشگاه تخصصی فناوری‌های نوین آمل، آمل، ایران)
تاریخ دریافت : 1402/03/15
تاریخ پذیرش : 1402/04/28
تاریخ انتشار : 1402/12/01
کلید واژه:
بیضه,
اسپرماتوژنز,
سلول‌های سوماتیک,
سلول‌های سرتولی,
چکیده مقاله :
روزانه بیش از 100 میلیون اسپرم به وسیله دستگاه تولیدمثلی جنس نر تولید می‌شود که هدف نهایی آن تولیدمثل و باروری در جنس نر است. هنگام شکل گیری جنین، سلول‌های زایا بدوی به بیضه ها مهاجرت می‌کنند و به سلول‌های زایا نابالغ به نام اسپرماتوگونی تبدیل می‌شوند و سیر تکامل را تا تبدیل شدن به یک اسپرم بالغ طی می‌کنند که اصطلاحاً این سیر تکاملی اسپرماتوژنز نام دارد. اسپرماتوژنز صحیح و در نتیجه باروری موثر به عوامل مختلفی از جمله راندمان سلول‌های سرتولی بستگی دارد. حاصل مطالعات محققان نشان دهنده رابطه مستقیم مورفولوژیک این سلول‌ها با سلول‌های زاینده است و اهمیت این سلول‌های سوماتیک درون لوله‌های اسپرم ساز را به خوبی نشان می‌دهد. اولین بررسی های ساختاری و احتمالات در رابطه با عملکرد این سلول‌ها به بیش از 150 سال پیش برمی گردد. زمانی که انریکو سرتولی 23 ساله برای اولین بار ساختار این سلول‌های سوماتیک را مورد ارزیابی قرار داد. نتیجه سال ها تحقیق و پژوهش محققان در رابطه با عملکرد و اثرات متفاوت این سلول‌ها کمک بسیاری در حوضه مطالعاتی ناباروری کرده است و همین امر موجب توجه بیشتر به مکانیسم‌های حاکم بر عملکرد صحیح فیزیولوژیک این سلول‌ها و واکاوی چرایی اختلال در آن گشته است تا شاید بتوان با درک بهتر ویژگی ها و عملکرد سلول‌های سرتولی، گامی موثر جهت درمان اختلالات در باروری مردان برداشت .
چکیده انگلیسی:
Over 100 million sperm are daily produced by the male reproductive system for the purpose of reproduction and fertility in male gender. During embryonic development, primordial germ cells migrate to the testes and transform into undifferentiated germ cells called spermatogonia, which are destined to develop into mature sperm through a process called spermatogenesis. Successful spermatogenesis and thus efficient fertility are dependent upon various factors, including Sertoli cell efficiency. Studies have reported a direct correlation between the morphology of Sertoli and germ cells indicating the importance of these somatic cells inside the spermatogenic tubes. The first structural investigations and possibilities about the function of these cells date back over 150 years when 23-year-old Enrico Sertoli first assessed the structure of these somatic cells. The results of years of research on various functions and effects of these cells have contributed significantly to studies on infertility. This has drawn more attention to the characteristics and mechanisms of physiological action of Sertoli cells, as well as the analysis of disorders related to them so that an effective step can be taken in the treatment of male fertility problems.
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