القای مقاومت گندم به بیماری پاخوره با کاربرد متیل جاسمونات و چند گونه قارچ میکوریز
محورهای موضوعی :
بوم شناسی گیاهان زراعی
احمد بانشی
1
,
صدیقه محمدی
2
1 - گروه بیماری شناسی گیاهی
واحد شیراز
دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی
شیراز، ایران
2 - گروه بیماری شناسی گیاهی
واحد شیراز
دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی
شیراز، ایران
تاریخ دریافت : 1395/02/28
تاریخ پذیرش : 1395/10/22
تاریخ انتشار : 1395/11/01
کلید واژه:
مهار زیستی,
کنترل بیولوژیک,
فنل کل,
قارچ‌ریشه,
مقاومت القایی,
چکیده مقاله :
بیماری پاخوره یکی از مهم ترین بیماری های گندم می باشد که توسط قارچ خاکزی Gaeumannomyces graminis ایجاد می شود. این پژوهش با هدف تعیین تأثیر گونه های قارچ میکوریز و متیل جاسمونات در القای مقاومت گندم آلوده به قارچ مذکور انجام شد. آزمایش در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با آزمایش فاکتوریل با 32 تیمار در سه تکرار در شرایط گلخانه انجام گرفت. فاکتور اول وجود و عدم وجود بیمارگر، فاکتور دوم گونه های قارچ میکوریز شامل Glomus hoi، G. mosseae و G. intraradices و فاکتور سوم غلظت های متیل جاسمونات در مقادیر 0، 1/0، 5/0 و 5/1 میلی مولار بود. عوامل القا کننده مقاومت فوق الذکر در مرحله گیاهچه به خاک اطراف ریشه اضافه و در بازه های زمانی 24 و 120 ساعت میزان فنل اندازه گیری و روند تغییرات آن مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. میزان فعالیت فنل کل در اکثر تیمارهای سالم نسبت به تیمارهای بیمار القا شده بیشتر بود. میزان فنل کل در گیاهان بیمار با هر عامل القای مقاومت در بازه زمانی 120 ساعت بیشتر از میزان آن در بازه زمانی 24 ساعت بود ولی به طور کلی گیاهان سالم بیشترین میزان فنل کل در دو بازه زمانی 24 و 120 ساعت را داشتند. کاربرد G. intraradices همراه با غلظت 5/1 میلی مولار متیل جاسمونات بیشترین تأثیر را در القای مقاومت داشت و پیشنهاد می شود از این ترکیب در مرحله گیاهچه به عنوان کود بیولوژیک جهت القای مقاومت برای مقابله با بیماری پاخوره گندم استفاده شود.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Take-all is one of the most important wheat soil-borne diseases caused by Gaeumannomyces graminis. The research objective was determination of Glomus spp. and methyl jasmonate effect on resistance induction of wheat take-all infected seedlings.The experiment was carried out based on completely randomized design in factorial with 32 treatments and three replications in greenhouse condition.The factors were presence or absence of pathogen, mycorrhizal fungi species including Glomus intraradices, G. mosseaeand G. hoi inoculation and methyl-jasmonate added in four concentrationsof 0, 0.1, 0.5 and 1.5mM. Induced resistance factors were added to surrounding soil in seedling stage and total phenol were measured after 24 and 120 hours inoculation.Total phenolactivity in healthy plants was more than infected and induced plant in most of the treatments. Total phenol in infected seedling after 120 hours was more than in 24 hours with all induced resistance factor. However, healthy seedlings had more total phenol after 24 and 120 hours. Application of G. intraradicesalong with 1.5mM of methyl jasmonate had the greatest impact on induced resistance. Therefore, it is recommended to be used as fertilizer for resistance inducing to take all disease in wheat.
منابع و مأخذ:
Abdel-Fattah GM, El-Haddad SA, Hafez EE, Rashad YM (2011) Induction of defense responses in common bean plants by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Microbiological Research 166(4): 268-281.
Alavi A, Ahounmanesh A (1997) Biological Control of Soil-borne Plant Pathogens. Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization: Tehran. [In Persian]
Behn, O (2008( Influence of Pseudomonas fluorescens and arbuscular mycorrhizal on the growth, yield, quality and resistance of wheat infected with Gaeumannomyces graminis. Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection 115(1): 4-8.
Cook RJ (2003) Take-all of wheat. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 62(2): 73-86.
Colbach N, Lucas P, Mynard JM (1997) Influence of crop management on take-all development and disease cycles on wheat. Phytopathology 87(1): 26-32.
Divya P, Puthusseri B, Neelwarne B (2013) The effect of plant regulators on the concentration of carotenoids and phenolic compound in foliage of coriander. Food Science and Technology 56(1):101–110.
Falahian F, Ardebili ZO, Fahimi F, Khavarinejad R (2007) Effect of mycorrhizal fungi on some defense enzymes against in wheat. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 10(14): 2418-2422.
Farkas GL, Kiraly Z (1962) Role of phenolic compounds in the physiology of plant disease and disease resistance. Journal of Phytopathology 44(2):105-150.
Ghahfarokhy MR, Goltapeh EM, Purjam E, Pakdaman BS, Modarres Sanavy SAM, Varma A (2011) Potential of mycorrhiza- like fungi and Trichoderma species in biocontrol of take-all disease of wheat under greenhouse condition. Journal of Agricultural Technology 7(1): 185-195.
Gogoi R, Singh DV, Sivastava KD (2001) Phenolic as a biochemical basis of resistance in wheat against karnal bunt. Plant Pathology 50(4): 470–476.
Morales VC, Navarro RC, Garrido JMG, Illana A, Ocampo JA, Steinkellner S, Virheiig S (2012) Bioprotection against Gaeumannomyces graminis in barley, a comparison between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Plant, Soil and Environment 58(6): 256-261.
Motallebi P, Niknam V, Ebrahimzadeh H, Tahmasebi Enferadi S, Hashemi M (2015) The effect of methyl jasmonate on enzyme activities in wheat genotypes infected by the crown and root rot pathogen Fusarium culmorum. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 37(11): 237.
Ogallo JL, McClure MA (1996) Systemic acquired resistance and susceptibility to root-knot nematode in tomato. Journal of Phytopathology 86(5): 498-501.
Patricia AO, Timothy CP (2005) Root defense responses to fungal pathogens: a molecular perspective. Plant and Soil 274(1): 2512-226.
Sedaghatfar H (2011) Exploring the possibility of biological control of take-all disease of wheat by bacteria antagonizing. Master Thesis, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch: Tehran, Iran. [In Persian with English abstract]
Singh HB (2007) Effect of substrates on growth and shelf life of Trichoderma harzianum and its use in biocontrol of diseases. Bioresource Technology 98(2): 470-473.
Sohrabi F, Fadaey Tehrani A, Rezaeydanesh Y (2012) Interaction between two arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices) and root- knot nematode (Meloidogyne javanica) in tomato. Iranian Journal of Plant Pathology 48(3): 393-401. [In Persian with English abstract]
Trolldenier G (1981) Influence of soil moisture. Soil acidity and nitrogen source on take-all of wheat. Journal of Phytopathology 102(2): 163-177.
Wang CY, Fung R, Ding C (2003) Reducing chilling injury and enhancing transcript levels of heat Shock proteins, pre-proteins and alternative oxidase by methyl jasmonate and methyl salicylate in tomatoes and peppers. Acta Horticulturae 682:481-486.
Wiese MV (1987) Compendium of Wheat Diseases (2nd Edition). American Phytopathological Society Press: Minnesota.
Yalpini N, Silverman P, Raskin I (1991) Salicylic acid is a systemic signal and an inducer of pathogenesis-related proteins in virus-inoculated tobacco. The Plant Cell 3(8): 809-818.
Ziedan EH, Elewa IS, Mostafa MH, Sahab AF (2011) Applications of mycorrhizae for controlling root rot diseases of sesame. Journal of Plant Protection Research 51(4): 354-361.
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Abdel-Fattah GM, El-Haddad SA, Hafez EE, Rashad YM (2011) Induction of defense responses in common bean plants by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Microbiological Research 166(4): 268-281.
Alavi A, Ahounmanesh A (1997) Biological Control of Soil-borne Plant Pathogens. Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization: Tehran. [In Persian]
Behn, O (2008( Influence of Pseudomonas fluorescens and arbuscular mycorrhizal on the growth, yield, quality and resistance of wheat infected with Gaeumannomyces graminis. Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection 115(1): 4-8.
Cook RJ (2003) Take-all of wheat. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 62(2): 73-86.
Colbach N, Lucas P, Mynard JM (1997) Influence of crop management on take-all development and disease cycles on wheat. Phytopathology 87(1): 26-32.
Divya P, Puthusseri B, Neelwarne B (2013) The effect of plant regulators on the concentration of carotenoids and phenolic compound in foliage of coriander. Food Science and Technology 56(1):101–110.
Falahian F, Ardebili ZO, Fahimi F, Khavarinejad R (2007) Effect of mycorrhizal fungi on some defense enzymes against in wheat. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 10(14): 2418-2422.
Farkas GL, Kiraly Z (1962) Role of phenolic compounds in the physiology of plant disease and disease resistance. Journal of Phytopathology 44(2):105-150.
Ghahfarokhy MR, Goltapeh EM, Purjam E, Pakdaman BS, Modarres Sanavy SAM, Varma A (2011) Potential of mycorrhiza- like fungi and Trichoderma species in biocontrol of take-all disease of wheat under greenhouse condition. Journal of Agricultural Technology 7(1): 185-195.
Gogoi R, Singh DV, Sivastava KD (2001) Phenolic as a biochemical basis of resistance in wheat against karnal bunt. Plant Pathology 50(4): 470–476.
Morales VC, Navarro RC, Garrido JMG, Illana A, Ocampo JA, Steinkellner S, Virheiig S (2012) Bioprotection against Gaeumannomyces graminis in barley, a comparison between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Plant, Soil and Environment 58(6): 256-261.
Motallebi P, Niknam V, Ebrahimzadeh H, Tahmasebi Enferadi S, Hashemi M (2015) The effect of methyl jasmonate on enzyme activities in wheat genotypes infected by the crown and root rot pathogen Fusarium culmorum. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 37(11): 237.
Ogallo JL, McClure MA (1996) Systemic acquired resistance and susceptibility to root-knot nematode in tomato. Journal of Phytopathology 86(5): 498-501.
Patricia AO, Timothy CP (2005) Root defense responses to fungal pathogens: a molecular perspective. Plant and Soil 274(1): 2512-226.
Sedaghatfar H (2011) Exploring the possibility of biological control of take-all disease of wheat by bacteria antagonizing. Master Thesis, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch: Tehran, Iran. [In Persian with English abstract]
Singh HB (2007) Effect of substrates on growth and shelf life of Trichoderma harzianum and its use in biocontrol of diseases. Bioresource Technology 98(2): 470-473.
Sohrabi F, Fadaey Tehrani A, Rezaeydanesh Y (2012) Interaction between two arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices) and root- knot nematode (Meloidogyne javanica) in tomato. Iranian Journal of Plant Pathology 48(3): 393-401. [In Persian with English abstract]
Trolldenier G (1981) Influence of soil moisture. Soil acidity and nitrogen source on take-all of wheat. Journal of Phytopathology 102(2): 163-177.
Wang CY, Fung R, Ding C (2003) Reducing chilling injury and enhancing transcript levels of heat Shock proteins, pre-proteins and alternative oxidase by methyl jasmonate and methyl salicylate in tomatoes and peppers. Acta Horticulturae 682:481-486.
Wiese MV (1987) Compendium of Wheat Diseases (2nd Edition). American Phytopathological Society Press: Minnesota.
Yalpini N, Silverman P, Raskin I (1991) Salicylic acid is a systemic signal and an inducer of pathogenesis-related proteins in virus-inoculated tobacco. The Plant Cell 3(8): 809-818.
Ziedan EH, Elewa IS, Mostafa MH, Sahab AF (2011) Applications of mycorrhizae for controlling root rot diseases of sesame. Journal of Plant Protection Research 51(4): 354-361.
