اثر بقایای گیاهی ماشک گل سفید بر استقرار اولیه و عملکرد ارقام گندم در شرایط مزرعه

محورهای موضوعی : بوم شناسی گیاهان زراعی

بهمن عبدالرحمنی ¹ , غلامرضا ولیزاده ²

1 - عضمو هیات علمی موسسه تحقیقات کشاورزی دیم کشور
2 - مؤسسه تحقیقات کشاورزی دیم کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مراغه، ایران

تاریخ دریافت : 1397/03/29 تاریخ پذیرش : 1397/08/11 تاریخ انتشار : 1397/08/01

کلید واژه:  بهره‌وری بارش,  تناوب زراعی,  کشاورزی حفاظتی,  علوفه,

چکیده مقاله :

جهت بررسی اثر مقادیر مختلف بقایای علوفه ماشک گل سفید بر رشد و عملکرد ارقام گندم در مناطق سردسیر، آزمایشی به صورت استریپ پلات در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار طی سه سال زراعی 1396-1393 در مؤسسه تحقیقات کشاورزی دیم کشور، ایستگاه مراغه انجام شد. در این پژوهش، میزان بقایای علوفه ماشک گل سفید در سه سطح 0، 5/1 و 3 تن در هکتار به عنوان فاکتور افقی و ارقام گندم دیم شامل هما، آذر 2 و باران به عنوان فاکتور عمودی مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. آزمایش در قطعه زمینی که در تناوب علوفه - گندم قرار داشت، اجرا شد و بقایای گیاهی ماشک در کرت های آزمایشی افزوده و به طور یکنواخت روی سطح خاک پخش گردید. بقایای گیاهی به میزان 5/1 تن در هکتار اثرات مثبتی بر استقرار اولیه گیاهچه‌ها در مزرعه، عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد گندم داشت و رقم هما بیشترین واکنش مثبت را به اضافه شدن بقایای ماشک سبز در مقدار 5/1 تن در هکتار از لحاظ وزن هزار دانه، عملکرد دانه، عملکرد زیست توده، شاخص برداشت، درجه باردهی و شاخص بهره‌وری بارش نشان داد. بنابراین، حفظ بقایای ماشک به میزان 5/1 تن در هکتار می تواند موجب بهبود عملکرد گندم دیم گردد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

To investigate the effect of different amounts of Hungarian vetch residues on growth and yield of wheat cultivars in cold regions, an experiment was conducted in a strip plot design based on randomized complete block design with three replications during the growing years of 2014-2017 at Dryland Research Institute of Iran, Maragheh Station. The amounts of vetch residues in three levels of 0, 1.5 and 3 ton/ha as horizontal factor and wheat cultivars including Homa, Azar2 and Baran as vertical factor were evaluated. The experiment was carried out on forage – wheat rotation farm, and the plant residues of the vetch were added to the experimental plots spread uniformly on the surface of the soil. Plant residues of 1.5 tons per hectare had a positive effect on early establishment of seedlings in the field, yield and yield components of wheat. Homa cultivar had the highest positive reaction to the addition of green vetch residues in the amount of 1.5 tons per hectare in terms of thousand kernel weight, grain yield, biomass yield, harvest index, productivity rate and recipitation efficiency index. Therefore, the maintenance of vetch residues of 1.5 tons per hectare can improve the yield of wheat.

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